Bureaucracy and Administrative Management - 1545 Words

Classical management theory is based on developing universal management principles for various situations. It’s broken down into three emphases. * SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT Theory which focuses on production work flows and productivity of individual workers, * ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY which focuses on the total organization. The emphasis is on the development of managerial principles rather than work methods. * BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY which focuses on strict implementation of rules and regulation, hierarchy systems in achieving maximum efficiency. Bureaucratic Theory by Max Weber Bureaucratic Theory was developed by a German Sociologist and political economist Max Weber (1864-1920). According to him,†¦show more content†¦5. Impersonal relationships between managers and employees. * Managers should maintain an impersonal relationship with employees so that favoritism and personal prejudice do not influence decisions. * To eliminate bias, ignore persuasion and personal differences 6. Employment based on technical qualifications * People are selected on the basis of their credentials and merit and are paid according to their position in the hierarchy. * Competence, not â€Å"who you know,† should be the basis for all decisions made in hiring, job assignments, and promotions Criticism of Bureaucratic Organization Bureaucratic Management Approach of Max Weber also has some fault-lines and received criticism for it. * The emphasis only on rules and regulations. * There will be unnecessary delay in decision-making due to formalities and rules of Bureaucratic Organization. * Coordination and communication hampered because of too much formality and rules. * Bureaucracy involves a lot of paper work and has just too much level of authority which results in lot of wastage of time, effort and money. Not ideal for efficiency. * Because of its too much formality, Bureaucratic approach is not suitable for business organizations. Bureaucratic model may be suitable for government organizations. * Too much importance isShow MoreRelatedThe Classical Public Administrative Theory1158 Words   |  5 Pages CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY Most twentieth century scholars in sociology and the science of administration consider the classical public administrative theory as the early form of organizational theory and accompanied by three main types of management: scientific, administration and bureaucracy. All of these management ideas are linked to different academics. `The scientific management was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915); the AmericanRead MoreBureaucracy Theory of Weber1302 Words   |  6 PagesBureaucracy theory of Weber Weber s theory of bureaucracy (1958) is one of the most popular themes of the studying of organizations. He identified the legitimate of power with authority. Power means the ability to ask people to accept the orders; Legitimation means people regard this power as legitimate so as to obey the orders. Weber identified this authority as three types: Charismatic authority, where the rule can be accepted because the leader has some outstanding personal qualityRead MoreA Review On Organisational Theories1677 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisational task and performance: Scientific Management (Taylor); Administrative Theory (Fayol); Bureaucracy and Organizational Structure (Weber); and Administrative Behaviour (Simon).1 The schools differ in their explanation, but share one commonality: that a formalized structure is prescribed behaviour for the staff s common behaviour . In other words, that 2 staff behaviour is influenced by the structure of the organisation. The Scientific Management school, led by Frederick W Taylor from theRead MoreThe Classical Era / Period Of Public Administration953 Words   |  4 Pagespublic administration (PA), the prevailing thought was that PA should be studied as its own individual field of study and not embodied within political science, management or law. The belief in the classical period that Public Administration should be studied as its own individual field of study and not embodied within political science, management or law was a rational assumption. According to â€Å"Public administration: An Introduction,† some of the scholars in the field of public administration, includingRead MoreThe Power Of The Bureaucracy1355 Words   |  6 Pages1. Woll views the bureaucracy as the center of governmental power because agencies exercise legislative, judicial, and executive functions, and because of how strongly administration and politics are intertwined. Woll argues that contrary to popular thought, the President and Congress have infrequent control over the administrative process. Agencies make definite decisions that carry out vague policy initiated in Congress or by the President. Agencies also offer expert advice and are receptive toRead MoreCompare and Contrast of the Classical School of Management and the Human Relations School of Management1531 Words   |  7 Pagesand contrast of the classical school of management and the human relations school of management The classical or traditional approach to management was generally concerned with the structure and the activities of formal organization. The utmost importance in the achievement of an effective organization were seen to be the issues such as the establishment of a hierarchy of authority, the division of work, and the span of control. The classical management focuses on the efficiency and includes scientificRead MoreCompare and Contrast of the Classical School of Management and the Human Relations School of Management1545 Words   |  7 Pagesand contrast of the classical school of management and the human relations school of management The classical or traditional approach to management was generally concerned with the structure and the activities of formal organization. The utmost importance in the achievement of an effective organization were seen to be the issues such as the establishment of a hierarchy of authority, the division of work, and the span of control. The classical management focuses on the efficiency and includesRead MoreMax s Bureaucratic Model With Frederick Riggs Model Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesis recognized as prismatic. The prismatic model was developed by Fredrick Riggs to explain the administrative systems of the developing World. Weber believed in a more formalized, rigid structure of organization known as a bureaucracy. This non-personal view of organizations followed a formal structure where rules, formal legitimate authority and competence were characteristics of appropriate management practices. Weber’s characteristics of the bureaucratic model are identified as, Hierarchy, DivisionRead MoreOrganization and Administration in Higher Education Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesacting officers to fill vacant administrative positions in academic departments (e.g. college dean, department chair, etc.) is a case of satisficing. Another area where satisficing is common is in athletics and sports. For instance, wh en athletics, football, or basketball coaches are fired for poor results, they are quickly replaced by one of the associates while a search for replacement begins. The temporary appointments are considered worthwhile in view of the administrative functions that the occupierRead MoreThe Structural Frame Model Of An Organization818 Words   |  4 Pagesthe modern humanity with Cutting-edge technology and multiculturalism, with extreme materialism and economical drive. As a result, any modern organization, regardless of its size, type or nature, has to depend upon the factual structures and best management paths to survive in today’s civilization. Lee G.Bolman and Terrence F. Deal’s (2013) book â€Å"Reframing Organizations† presents most updated and developed managerial approaches to leadership and structure for the organizations. L.G. Bolman and T.F

Hobbes Account Of The State Of Nature - 2258 Words

Does Hobbes’ account of the ‘State of Nature’ involve a false generalisation about human nature? Hobbes’ state of nature has been used as a philosophical and political basis for the actions and policies of many modern governments. According to Hobbes, the state of nature is â€Å"the Naturall Condition of Mankind, as concerning their Felicity, and Misery.† The Hobbesian state of nature was a condition in which many European peoples existed under conditions of â€Å"high moral density† or morality but with no â€Å"common power to keep them all in awe.† He argued that the state of nature was a nonpolitical and antipolitical condition. The constitutive elements of the natural state were primarily and fundamentally individuals who were free and equal and who lived in natural associations such as families or households. In the state of nature, a scarcity of desired things created competition for resources, distrust (â€Å"diffidence†), and glory (war and conquests). In Hobbes’s view, the natural condition for each European man was to be in a state of fear of desiring others, resulting in personal and collective wars. Considering the circumstances in which Thomas Hobbes was raised, the conclusions he reached concerning mankind are not surprising. For the entirety of his early adult life, the Thirty Years War raged in Europe causing total destruction. England soon experienced civil war in 1642 and Cromwell waged war against Scotland, Ireland and Holland.1 It is fair to conclude from this thatShow MoreRelatedHobbes And Kant s Theory Of Morality1447 Words   |  6 PagesHobbes and Kant both give a different account of the foundations of morality. Drawing from Hobbes’ Leviathan and Kant’s Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, I will compare their understanding of the foundations of morality. I will discuss the conflicting accounts of the role played by reason versus the role played by desire and inclination in the determination of what is good, evil, right or wrong. Hobbes claims that ordinary experiences establish human beings as self-interested and are drivenRead MoreAristotle And Hobbes : A Comparison Of Human Nature1641 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Hobbes: A Comparison of Human Nature Theory Aristotle and Hobbes present two fundamentally distinct doctrines about the conception of politics, human affairs, and the nature of man. Specifically, both philosophers express vying interpretations of human nature. Even though Aristotle and Hobbes similarly use their understanding of human nature to conceptualize their politics, they both express differing views about the aims for which they believe human beings act and exist. In a ratherRead MoreHobbes View Of Human Nature1495 Words   |  6 Pagesstraightforward notion of pessimism, this essay will argue that Hobbes’ view of human nature is not pessimistic. Firstly, this argument will be supported by an explanation of some of Hobbes’ theoretical assumptions, which reveal his stance on human nature. More specifically, his theory on the state of nature becoming a state of war, and the steps he takes to arrive to this conclusion, will be outlined to ultimately demonstrate that Hobbes does not depict mankind pessimist ically. Then, a critical assessmentRead MoreHuman Nature Establishes Political Authority982 Words   |  4 PagesNow that we have an understanding of the three different accounts of the state of nature, it is important to understand the differing accounts of how human nature establishes political authority. 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According to Hobbes, freedom implies â€Å"the absence of opposition (by opposition I mean external impediments of motion) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes, 2005, P157)Read MoreThe Crisis Of Modernity Within Political Liberalism928 Words   |  4 Pagesa substantial factor to arguments that modern man will do anything he to achieve his vision of what â€Å"greater human life is or can be†. Through the reflection of the thoughts, experiences, and writings of Thomas Hobbes, one can can to begin to question where the crisis arises from. Hobbes argues that â€Å"modern man no longer knows what he wants† and has lost â€Å"faith in reason’s ability to validate its highest aims† manifesting into a spiraling crisis where modern man cr eates a destructive path betweenRead MoreBoth Hobbes And Locke Can Be Considered The â€Å"Founding Fathers†1685 Words   |  7 PagesBoth Hobbes and Locke can be considered the â€Å"Founding Fathers† of liberal political philosophy. Both theorists give their own accounts of human nature as well as how and what their concept of a government should look like. Hobbes and Locke also agree on most aspects of each other’s theories but also have contrasting opinions for their own notions. Hobbes’s conception of the best fitting government in which humans would be able to live freely and happily, would be that which is governed by an allRead MoreJohn Locke: Founding Father of Modern Era Liberalism1444 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke are all great thinkers who were greatly influential in forming philosophies that would affect the future of politics. By analyzing each philosopher’s ideology, we can identify which thinker’s theory reflected modern era liberalism the most. 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Despite approaching the question of human nature with similar foundations, The State of Equality, Hobbes and Locke develop entirely opposing arguments, reflected in their position supportingRead MoreModern Liberalism and Political Policies1337 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophies and theories each differ from one another’s, but these three philosophers have all staked their claims as to what man would be like, prior to the formation of the state. This is the State of Nature. Their notions on the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. These three philosophers also examine the purpose and function of the government to individuals of the state. Modern liberalism

Information Strategy For Electronic Banking â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Information Strategy For Electronic Banking? Answer: Introduction SISP is an increasingly significant issue for Practitioners and researchers as well. The major issues over the past 15 years, SISP has consistently remained among the top 7 issues. One of the major reasons is that, many of the organisations currently look for innovative usage of IT to something that is of lower cost and also differentiate among products and services so that they can compete more efficiently in the environment of competition (rawani, 2002). However, all argue that developing countries like India, being at the very first stage of Management Information System (MIS), still struggling with the issues related to operations and seem to have a weak vision for some issues related to deep strategies. Smith and John have been given two different performed approaches to SISP(Bajaber, 2016). This helps the organisations to use the new IS ways to have a strong base and to have the barriers against any of the new entrants, and by this the basis of the competition is being changed. This would generate new products and also will help in building and initiating the switching of costs. SISP can also be defined as the process to identify the portfolio of applications which are majorly computer based so as to assist a working system in the execution of its current business planning and so as to realize the own existence of internal goals or target. Thus SISP can also be referred as the combination of 2 major processes. Creative and ideal process to use the IS for competing. Identification and selection of right opportunities so as to use them for assisting the working system in a better performance of business to achieve the targets. There are various studies on SISP, but many of these have tried to find out the different IS planning variables and has compared among various industries. The thing that came in knowledge to the best is that there is no such study yet that tried to correlate both and find the influence of one such variable over the other. The banking sector is being selected for this research just because banking operations are largely dependent on information systems. Banking is now not a business that is confined to money deposition or withdrawals but rather is now a business that is somewhere related to the flow of information from one sector to the other. In the banking sector of India, a drastic growth has been seen in a fast duration that spread in size, and also the activities that were done by the banks over the last 2 decades. Along with the entry of new banks the competition for the users or related people is intensifying. On the other hand, the use of computers and allied technologies by t hese banks has become so easy to improve the quality of service for its customers. The increased stage of IT Fusion and Diffusion, there is a big need of SISP in this particular banking sector. Just so as to make an attempt to identify and find out the SISP variables and to discover reason that why and how the variables can influence each other. Business process IS planning is an intensive information exercise that is initially dependent on the information input from strategic business planning so as to provide the guide path and right directions. This need to obtain IS strategy and plans from the strategies of business and planning have been highlighted in the whole literature. The objectives, missions, strategies and plans related to business of the banks provide the essential information so as to guide the IS strategic planning process(Targett, 1995). In the sector of banking, there are different user departments such as corporate banking, retail banking and international banking. The user system can provide the best input methods to IS planning functions related to IS requirements related to each ones business(Karim, 2011). These type of inputs can be gained through the series of interviews. Some training of users or participants may be required to help all of them to understand the whole process of planning and the potential of IS technology in the operations so that it can provide important input to the IS planning. Role of IS- Impact of Present and future IS For some of the working systems, IS activities is expressed an area of better strategic importance, while for the others they just express a supporting role. Smith, John and Faraday (1982) have first identified different roles on a 'Strategic Grid'. A strategic grid is a 2 x 2 matrix that is being formed by expressing the strategic impact of current information system on one axis and the impact of future information system on the another axis(Mentzas, 1994). They identified four major roles of an information system that can be expressed as Strategic, Factory, Turnaround and Support. System Requirements Formalization can be expresses as the existence of written guidelines and proceedings for better planning process and also the output of the whole subsequent process of planning. A highly formulized and documented process of planning is much more rationalized for constructing strategic plans(Sanjeepan, 2017). The ideal generated formula of procedures leads to generate efficient gains by systematic identification of the issues among them. How so ever the gains in the efficient accruing from the whole procedure should be balanced against reduction in the flexible characteristics. The formulized documented procedure retards efficient eliminations of strategic issues, once they wont remain that important. Planning must be designed in such a way that a wider variety of opportunities for the strategic support and creating the whole new strategies and their opportunities are being gained and at the same time the planning process facilitates the rapid resolution of issues related to the stra tegies, in order to adapt the planning for ever-changing technological conditions. Quality of Support Mechanisms The support mechanism are somewhere helpful and can also be used to help the plans in business along with the IS plans(Talib, 2012). This could be gained by the active quality interactions of the business planning systems with the IS planning systems. The biggest query that is being faced in IS planning is the major lack of understanding among the top managements goals and the plans of business by the main IS planners. Top Management and User Involvement Involvement of top management profiles provides the basic directions for IS planning. This communicates a very positive signal to other members in the organisation and also helps in obtaining a better commitment and user involvements(Rahman, 2012). It is very essential to get a very clear commitment from senior management profiles, and if somehow they are agreed that competitive advantages can accrue by means of a new IS, they are ready to share their major goals with IS executives. An equally important issue is the participation in the process of planning. Business Domain Analysis This identifies and obtains the various alternatives for using IS to support the banks business objectives and also find out various opportunities of using IS for the banks to gain the advantage of competitiveness(Gupta, 2015). This explores environmental opportunities and also the threats to the use of IS would also somehow fall under this classification. Technology Domain Analysis This converts the banks business needs into a set of plans to get to the banks goals. In India, it is a belief that there was more focus on the aspects of technology of IS planning as compared to those of the aspects of business(Maiya, 2017). The importance of the aspects of business in IS planning is being realized by the organisations like banks that have the significance in IS stake in their business. Planning Effectiveness The planning is initiated to attain the major goals and the extent of fulfilment of these goals can be considered as planning effectiveness(Hershberger, 2013). In the case of baking sector, the key goals can be found out of new service delivery channels such as Automatic Teller Machines (ATM), mobile banking, internet banking and identification of new back office applications, better plans and their controlling among the software and human resources, with increasing satisfaction of users. The research variables were being measured by using multi-indicators. For all the constructs, a five point Likert-type scaling had been used. Input information was measured using four items that assessed levels of awareness among the planners of IS on the business strategies of bank(Rawani, 2001). The role of IS was assessed by the use of two dimensions described by Cash and Vital of the Strategic Grid. The multi-item construct was used to identify and evaluate the present and future impacts of IS in banking sector. Firstly, as per the guidelines provided by McFaraly et al. (1982) and in consultation with IS executives of the banking sector. Subsequently, two items had been dropped out just because of some problems in convergent validity(SJ, 1999). Thus, the seven items were used to measure the 2-dimensions with the present and future impacts of IS on the banks. In such ways the contribution of IS to the banking sector and its performance was so calculated by obtaining the average of the contribution of five measures that were evaluated by their respective degree of importance. Data Collection To measure the different research variables, a detailed questionnaire was being developed. The items in this questionnaire were being obtained from a brief literature review(G., 2013). These suggested some of items that adds briefing of some items and rewording some of the basic questions. Certain editing in the sequencing of the questions were also made at this stage so as to maintain the natural flow of thoughts. Data Analysis and Discussion The data that is being collected on a basic level is then being analysed by the usage of path analysis. Path analysis is basically a multivariate analytical methodology for examining the sets of bonds in the form of linear and casual models. Path diagram is an explicit hypothesis of cause and the effect that is to be tested using the path analysis. Strategic information system implementation examples Strategic planning has been widely adopted concept around the world. Most of the banks worldwide are planning to implement it to fulfil their fundamental requirements. The bank of Kwangju in Korea was facing challenge in the implementation of SIS. The existing system of bank was online and based on the client server architecture. The main problem of this system was that it was not integrated and the changes done in one of the system must be followed by other systems as well. It needed more time for processing(Smith, 2014). The bank was in need to replace the system with new modified flexible and well integrated enhances system which must have the capability of data sharing. This new system has been proved as strategic information system. By the adoption of SIS in bank, they can eliminate the delicacy. Banking in Lebanon One more example of successful SIS implementation was in Lebanon. The banking sector in Lebanon was highly effected during last civil war. The implementation of informational technology was needed at all stages in banking sector. There were many reasons behind the need of SIS. All the branches were connected with other using online framework. The new technologies like tele-banking, etc. were launched(Ghaziri, 1998). The bank has started building their database and automated work stations. Banque du Liban et doutre-mer has developed own automated information system using SIS. Voice response system was started in many of the banks in Lebanon such as Allied business bank, BLOM, British bank of the Middle East. To improve the telecommunication system a private network was proposed by four banks Arab bank, Bank Audi, BLO and Byblos bank. They faced issues regarding the license approval, high cost equipment and the communication gap between members of Lebanese banks association. Banking in Unites states of Emirates In Emirates the Citibank was founded in 1964 and the first bank who introduced e-business in UAE. This bank introduced 24 hour phone banking service, Internet shopping card, corporate internet banking and retail internet banking service etc. Citibank was interested in developing a strategy of launching multifunctional online banking services with minimum service charges. Following are the main objectives of above strategies: Spreading the branches all over the country Increasing funds by occupying clients to the online services Providing secure, fast and convenient services to its clients Improving brands in the mind of customers Conclusion This report has explained the uses of strategic information system in the banking sector. It is proved that SIS has drastically improves the services of banking sector, which can be seen in almost all banks in form of enhanced performance, productivity, better online services, automated system and improved customer satisfaction. The implementation of strategic information system planning can be short to long term(Bajaber, 2016). The report shows the impact of SIS through information received nowadays from banking sectors. It also shows the impact of information system as a dominant factor in banking sector. The technological services of SIS can be better utilized by their clients if they would be familiar with latest innovative technologies. This field has significant options of future research. The top level management is continually involved in finding the new challenging factors and the solutions which can be beneficial for the SIS. This report has some limitations also which must be recognized. The data collected from many banks are showing that there are many factors which can be used to explain the role and involvement of users and stakeholders. IT applications which are now being used in banking sectors must have feasibility so that the economic growth of country can be influenced. References Bajaber, W., 2016. An Overview of Strategic Information Systems Planning. International Journal of information and technology, 144(5), p. 6. Bajaber, W., 2016. An Overview of Strategic Information Systems Planning in banking sector. International Journal of Computer Applications , 144(7), p. 6. G., P., 2013. The Impact of Management Information Systems. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 5(2), p. 4. Ghaziri, H., 1998. it-banking.html. [Online] Available at: https://almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/business/it-banking.html [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Gupta, B., 2015. analytics-in-indian-banking-sector-on-a-right-track. [Online] Available at: https://analyticsindiamag.com/analytics-in-indian-banking-sector-on-a-right-track/ [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Hershberger, T., 2013. 5-keys-to-strategic-bank-marketing-plans. [Online] Available at: https://thefinancialbrand.com/35523/5-keys-to-strategic-bank-marketing-plans/ [Accessed 11 October 2017]. Karim, A. J., 2011. The significance of management information systems for enhancing strategic and tactical planning. JISTEM, 8(3), p. 13. Maiya, R. V., 2017. 6-technology-trends-that-will-transform-banking-in-2017_a_21645614. [Online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/rajashekara-v-maiya/6-technology-trends-that-will-transform-banking-in-2017_a_21645614/ [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Mentzas, G., 1994. Information systems strategy for electronic banking. ACM DL, 14(3), p. 16. Rahman, Z., 2012. 256040249_Impact_of_Total_Quality_Management_and_Service_Quality_in_the_Banking_Sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256040249_Impact_of_Total_Quality_Management_and_Service_Quality_in_the_Banking_Sector [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Rawani, A. M., 2001. www.eprint.iitd.ac.in. [Online] Available at: https://www.eprint.iitd.ac.in/bitstream/2074/4606/1/TH-2838.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2017]. rawani, A. M., 2002. www.researchgate.net. [Online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43656046_STRATEGIC_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_PLANNING_IN_THE_BANKING_SECTOR-A_PATH_ANALYTIC_MODEL_STUDY_IN_THE_INDIAN_CONTEXT [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Sanjeepan, N., 2017. Strategic Analysis and Strategic Planning for Commercial Banking. Strategic Analysis and Strategic Planning for Commercial marketing, 6 april, p. 10. SJ, B., 1999. /www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10387656 [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Smith, J., 2014. www.ies.aust.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.ies.aust.com/ies-projects/kjb/index.htm [Accessed 1 October 2017]. Talib, F., 2012. Impact of Total Quality Management and Service Quality in the Banking Sector. Journal of Telecommunications System Management, 8(10), p. 10. Targett, T. b. a. D., 1995. Strategic information systems in the banking sector. Technology analysis and strategic management, 7(4), p. 6.

Lord Of The FliesPoint Of View Letter free essay sample

Lord Of The Flies-Point Of View Letter Essay, Research Paper December 17, 1998 Dear Mr. William Golding, I am intrigued and disturbed by your position of world that you have portrayed in # 8220 ; The Lord of the Flies # 8221 ; . However, this position, to changing grades, is by and large right, with few exclusions. That is why I am forced to follow with your doctrine. After reading Lord of the Flies, I see the amazing analogue of assorted constituents of society to the microcosm shown in the novel. I have found that the events of wisdom and reason being crushed, and the fact that about every male child falls victim to his evil side, are the strongest symbols that imply a analogue in society. Although Hitler lost the war and World War II has ended, the universe is still ravaged by violent struggle. Be it unrest in Africa or the political relations of North American states, the # 8220 ; Jack Meridew # 8221 ; surfaces in us all. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The FliesPoint Of View Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have found that Jack symbolizes and shows the crude human inherent aptitudes and inclination to violence that all worlds have within. These inherent aptitudes today are fulfilled non merely by force and ferociousness, but besides by hateful words and hostile purposes. One great mind of our clip one time said, # 8220 ; A broken bone can mend, but the lesion a word opens can maturate forever. # 8221 ; In the narrative, Jack used fright and force to fulfill his lecherousness for blood and power, without any intimation of idea for others. Now, people non merely regulation with dictatorship, but with prevarications, disdain, and hatred. There is, nevertheless, hope for civilisation. Worlds are capable of great things such as democracy, faith, creativeness, and to some extent, moralss. Without these, it is about definite the civilisation would neer hold come into being, and we would most surely be crude animate beings. Animals we still are, but we have come a long manner from crudeness. At the minute, world # 8217 ; s accomplishments have to the possible to convey world # 8217 ; s ultimate devastation. Nuclear engineering, biochemical warfare, and poorness as a consequence to industrialisation are on the threshold of doing a world-wide meltdown. The motive behind all of this is the human lecherousness for power, inherent aptitude to kill, and on occasion, penchant for devastation over creative activity. Although faced with the grounds, I am still loath to believe that this is all of what humanity stands for. There must be more to it. However converting the grounds is, I, as a human being, can non convey myself to accept that world # 8217 ; s lone motive is replete for ferociousness, lecherousness for power, and need for devastation. Equally evil as society may look, everyone has the power to make, to mend, to soothe, populate in harmoniousness, and to love. The impudent side to that point is the active presence of the darkness of adult male # 8217 ; s bosom and the inevitable immorality that has prevailed. Sincerely yours, __________________ Klyment Tan